The Shumway Open SWF Runtime Project

Last year, I wrote a blog post regarding Flash that generated a fair bit of discussion. Since then, the Research team at Mozilla has been working on solutions: https://blog.mozilla.org/research/2012/11/12/introducing-the-shumway-open-swf-runtime-project/
As the research blog states, “…Shumway is very experimental, is missing features, contains many defects, and is evolving rapidly.” If you’re a technical person who wants to help the current situation with Flash and the Open Web, please help us out.

 

 

 

Graphite Smart Fonts in Firefox

The Gecko Layout Engine added Graphite Smart Fonts support starting in Firefox 11. The Mozilla Firefox documentation for Graphite is still under construction but already contains lots of useful information for Web Designers and Developers.

The number of people who will benefit from Graphite is the small subset of the population that reads and writes with lesser-known scripts that require complex ligatures and rules for glyph substitution. In other words, we expect this work will appeal to a rather small underrepresented percentage of the web who communicate using uncommon writing systems. Firefox fully supports OpenType for the majority of writing systems on the web.

The key benefit of Graphite is that it allows type designers to build in complex script handling logic into fonts themselves, rather than relying on an application library like OpenType to explicitly implement support for it.  That’s why it’s so useful for display and layout of scripts that require features not available in OpenType.  There’s a lot of overlap with OpenType and the format itself simply adds extra data to OpenType fonts (the glyph and metric data is the same).

Graphite allows fonts to embed rich programs that implement the complex rules that govern glyph behavior in relation to other glyphs in a text run. This rich API presents challenges in an application as widely-distributed as Firefox, especially in regards to security and integration with the rest of the text subsystems.  We’re currently testing, validating and documenting the Graphite feature in Firefox. We’re interested in getting feedback from the Font Developer community to ensure that Graphite is expressive enough for complex writing systems. If you have experience with OpenType layout, we’d like to see similar layout functionality implemented using Graphite. We’re looking for examples that could include non-Latin script support (e.g. Arabic, Thai, Indic scripts) or Latin/Cyrillic/Greek fonts with extensive feature support.  A symbolic “WingDings” font with complex layout rules could also be a useful example. Please reply in the blog comments if you are interested and available to help us test and verify Graphite’s Layout API’s.

I’m posting about Graphite because it’s another example of why working on Firefox is so different from working on anything else. We don’t optimize our actions to generate maximum revenue, we do things because we want to give the entire planet equal and open access to the web. Proper text layout and rendering for complex scripts enables free expression across communities who would otherwise not have a global voice. We think it’s well worth it in service of the greater good for an Open Web.

Toggle Paint Flashing for Firefox

Paint Flashing is now in the official Release channel starting in Firefox 11.  I posted a new add-on that let’s you enable Paint Flashing with one click: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/toggle-paint-flashing/

Screen Shot

This tool is useful for quickly inspecting how Firefox renders your web pages as it visually indicates how much screen area is being painted after the page layout is computed.The source code for the add-on is also posted.

 

 

How I got started hacking on Firefox

One of the Gecko Layout & Rendering team’s main responsibilities is the continuing development of CSS in Firefox. I recently modified the CSS style system to allow nested rule parsing. This bug fix taught me a lot about the CSS parser and how styles cascade through the rest of the Layout engine. It took me a little while to set up a dev environment, understand the bug, write tests, get the code written, reviewed, and checked in. I now have a much better understanding of what it takes to move code through the Mozilla source trunk.

I suspect that there are other programmers out there currently lurking around the Mozilla community, intimidated by the scale of the source tree, and wondering where to start hacking on Firefox. I highly recommend starting with the Gecko Overview started by L.David Baron, Mozilla Principal Software Engineer, to help beginners understand the browser engine. Thanks, David!

Firefox Invalidation

As promised, I’m going to call out Firefox Layout & Rendering code changes that my team has been working on. This bug fix from Bas Schouten (as reviewed by Robert O’Callahan) was one of those light-bulb code changes that have really advanced my understanding of the Gecko Layout Engine’s graphics code:

https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=574190&action=diff

This check-in implements “Paint Flashing”, a diagnostic tool that shows when the browser is invalidating (or repainting) a screen region that has changed. It’s very useful for diagnosing redundant (painting too often) or greedy (painting too large an area) invalidation. Both kinds of bugs are notoriously hard to find.

Paint Flashing will paint a random color (at 20% opacity) to indicate the “damaged” area of the screen that the browser is repainting. You can enable Paint Flashing by setting this preference to true:

nglayout.debug.paint_flashing

If you’re running a DEBUG build, you can get to it in the Layout Debugger. The code is deceptively simple but shows the logical bottleneck where invalidation occurs in Firefox. We’re already using this tool as we evaluate larger invalidation changes that aim to dramatically speed up rendering in Firefox. You can also use this tool as you develop your web apps to see if performance issues are the result of invalidation problems. You can tune your app much better if you know how much screen area is getting painted from your javascript or CSS code.

Flash: I’m not dead yet!

My last post generated a fair bit of discussion around the true fate of Flash within Adobe. The original announcement from Adobe and the associated staff reductions had caused a lot of speculation within the Flash community. I should clarify some of my statements, especially the parts about the Flash Pro authoring tool and Flash Player.

All software follows a similar life cycle from 1.0 to a final version when it effectively becomes frozen in time. I didn’t mean to imply that Adobe is pulling Flash Pro from store shelves like salmonella-tainted spinach. A familiar pattern is to move software engineering to a low-cost geography like India or China as growth slows. This is not a bad thing, and actually lets the software have a long tail of maintenance and incremental feature work at a cost that allows it. The consumer can still count on that software being available for some time with support (usually from the same low-cost geography.) A handful of engineers will remain in the original geography to consult the new engineers as the hand-off occurs. The Flash Pro team in the US will have a handful of engineers left behind to manage the hand-off so, technically, the entire team is not getting eliminated at this time. Over time, the idea is to have your higher-cost engineers migrate over to your higher-growth projects. This is what occurred many years ago at Macromedia when Director moved offshore and the team moved over to working on Flash.

Last Tuesday’s announcements did not follow this pattern. Instead of moving the mobile Flash Player to a low-cost geography, it was discontinued outright. Instead of moving many affected Flash Platform engineers to the next high-growth agenda, they’re getting sent home. These events are what prompted me to write my last post as my friends at Adobe were blindsided by the whole affair.

I have a great deal of respect for the Adobe product managers who are trying to contain the damage and reverse the Elop Effect from the original announcement. It does seem like they were not made aware of the Tuesday announcement in advance. I sincerely hope they will be successful at affecting change within Adobe to keep Flash around for a good while longer.

Did Adobe finally kill Macromedia Flash?

Adobe announced that it is ceasing development on the Flash Player for Mobile Devices. As you may know, I was on the engineering team that brought Flash Player 10.1 to Mobile Devices back in June, 2010. This announcement is disappointing for many reasons, but not surprising given the realities of mobile web development.

While I was at Adobe, we spent a great deal of time and energy to get the Flash Player to run fast enough on the HTC Nexus One running the Android OS. At the same time, Apple was making it very clear that Flash would never be allowed to run under Mobile Safari, especially if our goal was to have it work on Android first. The writing was already on the wall even before we shipped: no matter what we did, or how well we did it, we were not going to have our ubiquitous platform extend to the Mobile world.

Of course, that’s not the whole story. What I’m truly disappointed about is that Adobe is exiting the Flash Platform business–they laid off 750 people yesterday, including the entire US-based Flash authoring tool team. This means that offering a free Flash Player runtime subsidized by selling tools is no longer a business Adobe is interested in. I always worked to ensure that SWF as a data type could have the same ubiquity as JPEG. That is, you could trust that the SWF you authored in 1998 would be rendered by a publicly available runtime in 2028. For this to happen, you need to have an organization that can shepherd the technology and commit to doing so for all time.

Unfortunately, Adobe is not that organization.

Or is it? I hope that they release the runtime code to the public domain so that others can extend and maintain it. I’m well aware that there are 3rd-party licenses in the code, but that can be easily redacted. If there is any hope left for Flash to survive, it will have to be an open-source implementation that can fulfill the promise of a ubiquitous rich-media data type for years to come. Adobe needs to acknowledge that the public needs SWF to survive, and that opening up the platform is now the only way to ensure that outcome.

Mozilla Festival, London UK

I will be in London from November 4-6 to take part in the Mozilla Festival. The festival will be at the Ravensbourne College in Greenwich (in the beginning of time—GMT.)

The organizers are actively looking for more developers and designers to add rocket fuel for the Festival’s roster of design challenges and hack sprints. More specifically, they are looking for more:

  • Javascript developers, HTML5 video and audio enthusiasts, front-end developers, news app developers, and other news hackers, to help build everything from data-driven journalism kits to mobile news apps to amazing browser-based video games that run right in the browser.
  • User experience and interface designers, graphic designers, game developers, and 3D modeling people, to help create everything from data visualizations to translation workflow to whole new ways of imagining news and information.

Know anyone who fits the bill? Please ask them to join us in London by signing up here: https://donate.mozilla.org/festival-register

If you have people in mind who would be perfect but could have a tough time paying the event fee, please send me a note. We’ll find a way to get them in.

Thoughts on Scrum

I’ve worked on many software projects over many years. A few of them went on to become billion dollar businesses and some of them never shipped. Some of them shipped after a great deal of pain and suffering. I learned a few things about software development processes that work and don’t.

Scrum doesn’t work.

I’m sure the Certified Scrum Masters will be quick to point out that I must have done Scrum incorrectly or somehow did not follow through with the methodology, and I’ll say that’s exactly why it doesn’t work: A whole industry of people who walk around to talk your ear off about Scrum and why it’s the best thing since the silicon wafer.

Here’s what I know to work:

  1. Generate a strong product vision.
  2. Hire the most talented software engineers.
  3. Make sure they understand #1 and let them build it.

Scrum aims to provide a safety net in case you fail to do any or all those 3 steps. Here’s the problem: you will not be successful unless you succeed at all 3 steps.

Scrum states that we can change the goals and vision based on lessons learned during the iteration. In practice, this leads to leaders with no vested interest in achieving audacious goals. “Oh, it didn’t work. Let’s try something else.” How are we going to get Teleportation with that attitude?

Scrum assumes that you can calculate your team’s velocity based on historical data and therefore predict your ability to deliver. This assumes that any slug that grows arms can write so many lines of code in an “ideal day.” It marginalizes talented software developers who don’t need to be forced to determine how many “story points” there are in their work. How many story points do you think transporting a kilogram of carbon across an ethernet cable would be worth? How many story points to do it wireless?

Scrum lets you review the work completed during an iteration and choose to continue pursuing missed goals or decide to pull something else off the backlog. Sounds great, right? In practice, this just hides incompetence and frustrates strong engineers. The lame engineers will come with lame backlog items and burn down to zero every time. The strong engineers will aim for the moon, and sometimes fail, and get shafted because they did not achieve the stated goals for the iteration. They’ll eventually leave.

I’d like to hear your thoughts on this, as I’ve seen Scrum spread throughout Silicon Valley like a locust plague. If you’ve adopted Scrum in your team, I’d like to hear about it:

  1. Was the product any good?
  2. Was it worse/better before you started Scrum?
  3. Did you ship on time?
  4. Was your team happy doing it?

Graphics Engines in Firefox

One of the key goals for the Firefox Layout & Rendering team is to improve performance for web applications. Web apps nowadays push the graphics rendering stack in ways that rival console games. To that end, our existing rasterizer was hitting its limits in terms of the sheer volume of data we now push through it on a a regular basis. Switching out a shipping application’s raster engine is a big deal that requires a lot of scaffolding. When I was working on the Flash Player, I saw how much work goes into integrating a new graphics engine into a shipping product. Sometimes, you have no choice but to tack it on top of (or in Flash’s case, behind) the existing rasterizer.

For Firefox, the scaffolding involves the addition of the new rasterizer initially for the  <canvas> API’s. This was ideal because it was fairly localized, and backwards-breakage risk was manageable. In the next phase, all CSS layout styling will use the new engine. The lessons learned from <canvas> make this a much less risky phase but it’s still fraught with peril. The benefits will be worth it, especially when we get page-draw and responsiveness metrics cranked up.

I’ll be posting up more details on Layout & Rendering internals as I dive deeper into it. It’s quite exciting to work on the guts of the Web with passionate engineers.